The human gut is home to an abundance of microorganisms - a whopping 1014 microbes to be exact! Altogether, the human gut microbiota harbors 100 times more genomic material than the human genome, a situation so profound that it has been referred to as the “second genome.” Diet is one of the fundamental factors influencing gut microbial gene expression in the human gut. In fact, a recent study titled “Plant-Derived Exosomal MicroRNAs Shape the Gut Microbiota” indicates that the genomic material in plant foods interacts with the genome of the gut microbiota, shaping its composition and the health and function of the gut itself.